Table 1

Amino acid changes in H3N2, H1N1 and H1N2 viruses between seasons *
H3
 N2
 H1
 N1
Amino acid
 1999–00
 2001–02
 2002–03
 2003–04
 2004–05
 2005–06
 Amno acid
 1999–00
 2001–02
 2002–03
 2003–04
 2004–05
 2005–06
 H1N2
 Amino acid
 H3 no.
 2000–01
 2004–05
 2005–06
 H1N2
 Amino acid
 N2 no.
 2000–01
 2004–05
 2005–06
5
 V
 G
 G
 G
 G
 G
 18
 A
S(A)
 A(S)
 S
 S
43
 53
 L(R)
 L
 L
 L
 15Pa
 15
 V/I
 I
 I
25
 L
I(L)
 I
 I
 I
 19
 T





47
 56
 I(T)
 I
 I
 I
 23
 23
 M/I
 M
 M
33
 H
 Q
 Q
 Q
 Q
 Q
 23
 L
F(L)
 L(F)
 F
 F
57
 66
 V(I)
 I
 I
 I
 45Pb
 49
 H/Y
 H
 H
45c
 S

I(S)

24
 M




T
 69Cb
 78
 L(S)
 L
 L
 L
 48
 52
 I(V)
 I
 I
50c
 R
G(R)
 G(E)
 G
 G
 30
 V
I(V)
 V(I)
 I
 I
71
 80
 I(F)
 I
 I
 I
 52
 56
 R/K
 R
 R/K
56
 H
H(Y)


40
 Y

H(Y)


80
 88
 V(A)
 V
 V
 V
 59
 63
 S/R
 S
 S
75E
 H
Q(H)
 Q
 Q
 Q
 42
 C
F(C)
 C(F)
 F
 F
86
 93
 E(K)
 E
 E
 E
 64
 68
 H/Q
 H
 H
83E
 E
K(E)
 K
 K
 K
 44
 S



S(P)
89
 96
 T

A(T)
 75
 79
 V(I)
 V
 V
92E
 T
 K
 K
 K
 K
 K
 65
 I
 I(T)




94
 100
 Y
H
81Pc
 81
 T/P
 T
 T
106
 A
 V
 A(V)


93
 N

N(D)
 D
 S(N/D)
120
 124
 D(E/G)
 E
 E
 E
 83
 83
 V/M
 V
 V
112
 V


I(V)
 V(I)
 143
 G
V(G)
 G(V)
 V
 V
130
 134
 -(K)
 -
 -
 -
 93
 93
 S/P
 S
 S
126a
 N

D(N)

150
 H



H(G)
133
 136
 S(T)
 S
 S
 S
 94
 94
 I
I/V
128b
 T
A(T)


172
 K
 R
 K(R)
 R(K)


146
 149
 R(K)
 R
 R
 R
 95
 95
 S/R
 S
 S
131a
 A
T(A)
 T
 T
 T
 194
 V



V(I)
153Sb
 156
 G(E)
 G
 G
 G
 149
 149
 V(I)
 V
 V
144a
 I
 D
 N(D)
 N(D)
 N
 N
 199b
 E

K
 K
 K
 K
 163Sa
 166
 K(M)
 K
 K
 K
 155
 155
 Y/F
 Y
 Y
145a
 K


S/N
 N
 216
 G
V(G)
 G(V)
 V
 V
166Ca1
 169
 V(A)
 A
 A
 A
 173
 172
 K/R
 K
 K
155b
 H
T(H)
 T
 T
 T
 221b
 K
 K(N)

K(D/E)
 E
168
 171
 N(K)
 N
 N
 N
 188Pd
 187
 M/L
 M
 M
156b
 Q
H(Q)
 H
 H
 H
 258
 E




K
 170Ca1
 173
 E(G)
 E
 E
 E
 220
 219
 K
 K(E)
 K
159b
 Y

Y(F)
 F
 F
 265
 T
 I
T(I)
 I(T)

175
 177
 L

I
 222
 221
 Q(R)
 R
 R
164
 L
 L(Q)



267
 L
 T
 T
 T
 T
 T
 T
 179
 181
 V
V(I)
249Pf
 248
 G/R
 G
 G
173D
 K


E(K)
 E(K)
 307
 V
I(V)
 V(I)
 I
 I
183
 186
 P(S)
 P
 P
 P
 254
 253
 K/R
 K
 K
186b
 S
 G
 G
 G
 G
 G
 310
 Y



Y(H)
185
 188
 I(M)
 I
 I
 I
 262
 261
 K/R
 K
 K
188b
 D


D(Y)
329c
 N


N(T)
 N(D)
187
 190
 D(N)
 D
 D
 D
 270
 269
 N/D
 N
 N
189b
 S

S(N)
 N
 N
 332c
 S
 F
 S(F)
 F(S)


190Sb
 193
 A

T
 274
 273
 F/Y
 F
 F
193b
 S



F(S)
 370c
 L



S(L)
191
 194
 L(I)
 L
 L
 L
 332Pi
 332
 E
 K
 K
199
 S



S(P)
 372
 S


S(L)
 S(L)
194
 197
 T(K)
 T
 T
 T
 344Pj
 347
 D(N)
 D
 D
202
 V
I(V)
 I
 I
 I
 385a
 K
N(K)
 K(N)
 N
 N
202
 205
 V(L)
 V
 V
 V
 352Pk
 355
 K/R
 K
 K
222
 W
R(W)
 R
 R
 R
 392a
 I
 I(T)




215
 218
 A

T
 364
 367
 S(N)
 S
 S
225
 G
D(G)
 D
 D
 N(D)
 393a
 N
N(K)



237Ca1
 240
 G
G/R
389Pm
 397
 M/V
 V
 V
226D
 V


I
 I
 399a
 D
 E
 D(E)
 E(D)


239
 242
 T(S)
 T
 T
 T
 396Pm
 399
 I/M
 I
 I
227D
 S

S(P)
 P
 P
 401a
 G




D
 252
 255
 W
 R
 R
 W
 418
 418
 I/M
 I
 I
271
 N
 D
 D
 D
 D
 D
 431
 K




N
 253
 256
 Y
 F
 F
 Y
 432Pn
 432
 R(K)
 R
 R
304c
 A
 A/P
 A(P)


432
 Q
 E
 Q(E)
 E
 E
 E
267
 269
 T(I)
 T
 T
 T
 450
 450
 N
 D
 D
347
 V
 M
 V(M)


437
 L
 W
 L(W)
 W(L)


271
 273
 P(S)
 P
 P
 P
 452
 452
 D/E
 D
 D
361
 T


I
 I







273
 275
 D(G)
 D
 D
 D




375
 N


D(N)
 D(N)







310
 312
 A(T)
 A
 A
 A




386
 E
G(E)
 G
 G
 G







315
 317
 V
 A
 V
 V




450
 R



R/K







321
 323
 I(V)
 I
 I
 I




452
 R
 K
 K
 K
 K
 K







345
 347
 V(I)
 V
 V
 V




479
 G
E(G)










382
 384
 V(I)
 V
 V
 V




529
 V
 I
 V(I)










398
 400
 N
 S
 N
 N




530
 V
A(V)
 A
 A
 A(V)







451
 453
 S(T)
 S
 S
 S



















473
 475
 N
 D
 D
 N



















491
 493
 E(K)
 E
 E
 E



















506
 508
 E

D



















510
 511
 V(I)
 V
 V
 V




* Amino acids in brackets indicate less than half but more than two substitutions at the given amino acid position within a season. A single amino acid change in one position is not shown. Amino acids separated by '/' indicate equal substitutions of either amino acid at the given position. Letters in upper case above an amino acid indicate the antigenic site location of the residue. In N1 the upper case letter 'P' stands for phylogenetically important region (PIR) and the following letters indicate the actual PIR.

Bragstad et al. Virology Journal 2008 5:40   doi:10.1186/1743-422X-5-40